Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research

Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to examine how breastfeeding is defined for research purposes. DISCUSSION Current breastfeeding definitions focus on the amount of breast milk an infant receives and do not encompass how a baby is fed. Our concerns are that key variables are not measured when mothers are pumping or expressing their milk and bottle feeding. It seems the breastfeeding relatio...

Definitions of breastfeeding: call for the development and use of consistent definitions in research and peer-reviewed literature.

BACKGROUND There has been a significant increase in the number of published peer-reviewed articles on breastfeeding over the last two decades. However, in part because of the lack of clear or consistent definitions used in these publications, generalization and comparison of findings have been difficult, and interpretation of findings is often limited. This study was undertaken to examine this ...

philosophical questioning , a new era in education research

This paper, titled "Question and its place in philosophical counseling" is about to answer the following questions: 1- What is  a question?2- What is philosophical counseling? 3- Where does question’s stand in philosophical counseling? 4- How will questioning and philosophical counseling change educational researches? Dialectic and qualitative content analysis will be used to answer the questio...

Questioning the Questions of Instructional Technology Research

In April 1994, I was "flamed" on the Internet, a '90s phenomenon that has been portrayed in publications as diverse as The New Yorker (Seabrook, 1994) and The Chronicle of Higher Education (Lemisch, 1995). Although what exactly constitutes a "flame" in the rapidly evolving "metaverse" (Stephenson, 1993) is a matter of much debate, I can vividly recall the feelings of shock and anger that swept ...

Questioning the cost of biomedical research.